Deuteronomy Bible Study | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5:1-15 | 5:16-33 | 6:1-7 | 6:8-25 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 19 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 26 | 27 | 28:1-24 | 28:25-68 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 |


This small group Deuteronomy 5:16-33 Bible study guide contains commentary, discussion questions, cross-references, and application to encourage life change. Visit our library of inductive Bible studies for more in depth inductive studies on this and other books of the Bible you can use in your small group.

Deuteronomy 5:16-33 Bible Study – Ten Commandments – Person To Person Commands

II. The Ten Commandments Part 2 – Our Relationship with People (16-21)

Discussion Questions

• What does it mean to honor parents?
• What is the difference between honoring and obeying?
• What benefit is associated with honoring parents?
• Why is long life more likely if one honors his parents? Is it guaranteed?
• What is the difference, if any, between murder and killing?
• What does this command show us about God’s nature?
• Who has the right to take a life?
• What are some forms of murder that the world tends to accept as moral?
• What did Jesus say about murder and the heart?
• Define adultery.
• What does this command show us about God’s nature?
• How is God’s definition of adultery (seen throughout Scripture) different from the world’s definition?
• What did Jesus say about adultery?
• What is stealing?
• What are some methods of stealing that are common in the world?
• Define “lying.”
• What is often the motivation for lying?
• What does this command reveal to us about God’s character?
• When, if ever, is lying morally acceptable to God?
• What do you think God would say about “white lies?”
• What does it mean to covet?
• What is the problem with coveting if it doesn’t hurt anybody
• What are some side effects of coveting?
• What is the root cause of coveting?

Cross-References

Matthew 5:21-22 – “You have heard that it was said to those of old, You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire.

Matthew 5:27-28 – “You have heard that it was said, You shall not commit adultery.’ But I say to you that everyone who looks at a woman with lustful intent has already committed adultery with her in his heart.

Proverbs 20:20 – If one curses his father or his mother, his lamp will be put out in utter darkness.

Proverbs 30:17 – The eye that mocks a father and scorns to obey a mother will be picked out by the ravens of the valley and eaten by the vultures.

Ephesians 4:28 – Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing honest work with his own hands, so that he may have something to share with anyone in need.

Matthew 15:19 – For out of the heart come evil thoughts, murder, adultery, sexual immorality, theft, false witness, slander.

1 Timothy 6:10 – For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils. It is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pangs.

Verse by Verse Commentary

1. Honor your father and mother –

Deuteronomy 5:16 – Honor your father and your mother, as the Lord your God commanded you, that your days may be long, and that it may go well with you in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.

The fifth commandment starts off a new section focused on our horizontal person-to-person relationship. The very first command given in regard to how we are to treat people is to honor our parents. That is significant.

God established a clear authority structure for society. That begins with the family. The family unit is the core ingredient for social stability. Without respect for authority, order will break down. Chaos and anarchy will follow.

This instruction reminds us of God’s character. God is a God of order.

1 Corinthians 14:33 – For God is not a God of confusion but of peace.

1 Corinthians 14:40 – But all things should be done decently and in order.

These verses refer to conducting an orderly church service. However, they demonstrate God’s orderly character.

Children who grow up without learning to respect their parents are not likely to respect other authorities, including teachers, police officers, bosses, and the government.

Paul teaches that in the last days people will be “disobedient to parents” (2 Timothy 3:1-2). It is a mark of a society that has rejected God’s authority. We can see this in the world today. Disobedience to parents is endemic. The family is under attack. There is an agenda to undermine the authority of the parents. It is seen in many ways. One is in many modern-day movies, which depict the father as a fool and the rebellious child as a hero.

While children are required to obey their parents (Ephesians 6:1), every person is commanded to honor their parents.

Reflect – What is the difference between obedience and honoring? Are adults required to obey their parents?

To honor one’s parents mean to show respect and consideration to them. Note that it doesn’t say to honor only “good parents.” Some fathers and mothers are not worthy of honor. However, their children should still respect them because of the position they hold.

Western society views independence as very important. One of the results of this is that often parents are not honored. In the child’s zeal to pursue his own freedom and life, he may cast aside his duty to his parents and view them as a trivial thing.

There are two sides to this instruction. The first is to avoid dishonor. Here are some ways people may dishonor their parents.

• Speaking ill of them.
• Cursing them.
• A disrespectful tone of voice or volume level.
• Ignoring them.
• Disregarding counsel.
• Not taking care of them financially (1 Timothy 5:8)

Believers should intentionally do things to show honor to their father and mother. Here are some practical ways to do this.

• Communicate with them. That may require initiating a video chat with them from time to time.
• Speak to them respectfully.
• Ask about their well-being.
• Reach out to ask counsel about important decisions.
• Share with them pictures, videos, or news about your life.
• Make sure that they are well taken care of physically (1 Timothy 5:8).

Application – What is a practical way you can show honor to one or both of your parents in the coming week?

One unique aspect of this command is that it is accompanied by a promise. The Lord says that it will “go well with” those who honor their parents. God has designed this world so that honoring one’s parents naturally results in a healthier and longer life. Think about it. Generally, parents will tell their children to eat healthy, exercise, and avoid harmful habits such as drugs, alcohol, and immorality, etc. There are very few convicted criminals who are in prison as a result of following their parent’s advice. Most are there because they did not listen to their parents.

God has appointed parents as his representative over the family. Even bad parents will typically give good advice to their kids because they desire their children to have good lives and avoid the problems that they themselves fell into.

Reflect – Share some examples of Biblical characters who either did or did not honor their parents and the results.

2. You shall not murder – Murdering is irreversible and is an act against people made in the image of God.

This command reminds us that God is the creator of life. He values life. All people are made in the image of God. The Lord is the one who gives and takes away life. Murder is usurping God’s authority over life.

Genesis 1:27 – So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he created him; male and female he created them.

Every person is made in the image of God. That fact is what gives every life value in God’s sight. Humans are given a special position in God’s created order. He makes us stewards over His creation. We have a soul. He breathed into us the breath of life.

God is the one who gives life, and He is the one who has authority to take it.

There is no valid excuse for murder. Many times, murder is committed when people take the law into their own hands. They either forget that every person will one day stand before a holy God and be judged by Him or are not patient enough to wait for God to deal with it. Those who commit murder usurp God’s role as the judge by prematurely instituting their version of “justice.”

Romans 12:19 – Beloved, never avenge yourselves, but leave it to the wrath of God, for it is written, “Vengeance is mine, I will repay, says the Lord.”

All life is in God’s hands. When people usurp that authority, it is a serious violation against God’s character. Therefore He instituted capital punishment, giving people the authority to execute justice on murderers.

Genesis 9:5-6 – And for your lifeblood I will require a reckoning: from every beast I will require it and from man. From his fellow man I will require a reckoning for the life of man. “Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed, for God made man in his own image.

Unlike some think, this command is not lowering the value of life. It raises it. If human life was not valuable, capital punishment would not be necessary. The sacred worth of human life demands a strong reaction against those who take it wrongfully.

According to the Old Testament law, even an unintentional killing would require the banishment of the one who did it to the city of refuge (Deuteronomy 4:41-43).

The command not to murder is simple, right? Do not murder. We’re not murderers, right?

Many people will claim they are inherently good because they think they keep this commandment.

It is common for people to say things similar to, “I am a good person and should get to heaven. After all, I’ve never murdered anybody.”

That is a very low bar to clear, but have we even met that minimum standard?

Jesus further expounded this command to show that it is not merely an external rule that is important but an internal attitude.

Matthew 5:21-22 – “You have heard that it was said to those of old, You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’ But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire.

1 John 3:15 – Everyone who hates his brother is a murderer, and you know that no murderer has eternal life abiding in him.

In God’s sight, harboring hatred for others in our hearts is equivalent to murder. The New Testament raises the bar. We are called to higher standards than those in the Old Testament, not lower.

The very law that many use to justify their own goodness reminds us that “there is none good, no not one” (Psalm 14:1-3).

Other Bible passages show us that t